2. Inter-national configuration: free trade, WTO and RTAs
We will briefly recall the different types of trade barriers and the successive rounds of GATT negotiations that preceded the Uruguay Round, which gave rise to the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1994, and the current round, the Doha Round.
2.1 Various trade barriers
The classic forms of trade barriers are customs duties or tariff barriers, which, by adding to the price of the imported product, make it less competitive on the import market. Quotas, which limit the quantity that can be imported during a given period, are quantitative barriers whose importance, like that of customs duties, is currently declining. It is non-tariff barriers, such as technical, health or safety standards imposed by the host country, which make exports more difficult. Today, when...
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Inter-national configuration: free trade, WTO and RTAs
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1. FDI trends
The year 2005 saw both a recovery in FDI (foreign direct investment), which rose by 29% to $916 billion, according to the latest UNCTAD estimates, and another interesting phenomenon: it was the developing countries (DCs) that were driving the trend, as in 2003, thus testifying to a clear upturn in confidence. In fact, while FDI to industrialized countries had fallen by 16% in 2004, it rose by 37% in...
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