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Article | REF: SE5088 V1

Hazardous phenomena in flammable liquid storage facilities - Deposit-specific phenomena

Author: Anousone CHAMPASSITH

Publication date: July 10, 2020 | Lire en français

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    5. Boil-over

    5.1 Description of the phenomenon

    A classic boil-over is a sudden foaming phenomenon involving atmospheric tanks and resulting from the transformation of liquid water, contained in a burning tank, into steam (bottom water, free water, emulsion). This phenomenon is responsible for violent splashing of fuel, boiling of the tank contents, spreading of the flames and formation of a fireball.

    Boil-over can only be caused by a tank fire. For crude oils, which are mainly found in refineries, we generally have floating-roof tanks, with a fairly high risk of a tank fire in the event of a leaking or cast roof. Fixed-roof tanks, usually used to store heavy fuels, have a conical roof. To initiate a tank fire, the roof must first...

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