5. Boil-over
5.1 Description of the phenomenon
A classic boil-over is a sudden foaming phenomenon involving atmospheric tanks and resulting from the transformation of liquid water, contained in a burning tank, into steam (bottom water, free water, emulsion). This phenomenon is responsible for violent splashing of fuel, boiling of the tank contents, spreading of the flames and formation of a fireball.
Boil-over can only be caused by a tank fire. For crude oils, which are mainly found in refineries, we generally have floating-roof tanks, with a fairly high risk of a tank fire in the event of a leaking or cast roof. Fixed-roof tanks, usually used to store heavy fuels, have a conical roof. To initiate a tank fire, the roof must first...
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Boil-over
Thin-film boil-over
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