1. Internal cooling for turbine blades
Since the 1960s, cooling techniques have evolved considerably (figure 1 ). Initially, blades were cooled using radial pipes. In the 1970s, multiple-feed systems with film cooling were developed. For today's gas turbines, external heat transfer techniques using film cooling and internal convection have been significantly improved: multi-pass channels with turbulence promoters, fine needle-like fins (or fine pine, as the English term will be used in the rest of this text), impact jet cooling.
1.1 Examples of cooling techniques
In the following, we will briefly describe the blade cooling techniques developed by GE Aircraft Engine...
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Internal cooling for turbine blades
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