1. Turning principle

1.1 Basic operations

In external turning, complex parts can often be broken down into elementary cutting profiles for the selection of tools and cutting parameters.

To facilitate the choice of tool type, it can be assumed that there are four basic turning operations (figure 4 ):

• longitudinal turning (1) ;

• dressage (2) ;

• cone turning (3) ;

• contouring (4).

• In turning, the feed movement (tool movement) is a straight translation parallel to the axis of revolution of the part,...