4. Quality

Around the world, there are numerous companies positioning themselves as graphene manufacturers. In China alone, there were over 2,000 graphene-producing companies at the beginning of 2020. However, initial comparative analyses show that only a very small proportion – a few dozen companies worldwide – produce so-called "nano-platelet graphene" (GNP), and fewer than 10 companies produce graphene that meets the definition accepted by scientific experts for this material (less than 10 carbon layers, i.e. less than 3 nm thick).

Across Europe, North America and Australia, there are over 300 companies that can be considered graphene producers. In addition to these, 6,000 companies have been registered in China as having a graphene-related activity, although a significant number have no commercial activity at all, and many are intermediaries rather than actual graphene...