1. Context

Since the 1980s, one-dimensional heterostructures - in other words, stacks of different materials in one direction in space, called the growth direction - have been the source of most of the progress made in micro- and optoelectronics. Whether in the field of field-effect or bipolar transistors, the need for miniaturization and higher frequencies has led to the systematic use of metal/semiconductor and semiconductor/semiconductor heterostructures in all new designs. The same applies to the vast majority of non-linear solid-state diodes, when operation beyond a...