Secondary chemistry

Primary and Secondary Circuits of French Nuclear Power Plant Chemistry

Figure 2 - Schematic representation of the oxide layers formed on the surface of a nickel-base alloy (after [1]).

Figure 3 - Representation of mass transfer of species present in the primary circuit

Figure 4 - Representation of the interactions of two species as a function of their surface potential

Figure 5 - Average annual dose per reactor in France from 2000 to 2012

Figure 6 - Schematic representation of nickel release from nickel-base alloys (after [4])

Figure 7 - Origin of radioactive contamination in the primary circuit

Figure 8 - Typical distribution of activated elements in the primary circuit

Figure 9 - Breakdown of tritium production origin

Figure 10 - Mass/Bq equivalence for the main radionuclides, 3H, 14C, 131I and for 1 GBq

Figure 11 - Boron/lithium coordination at EDF

Figure 12 - Zinc diffusion, cobalt inhibition in oxide layers of nickel-base alloys (after [10])

Figure 13 - Replacing cobalt with zinc, Monte Carlo modeling

Figure 14 - Simplified secondary circuit diagram

Figure 15 - Steam generator diagram

Figure 16 - CCS cracks on the secondary side of high-speed tubes

Figure 17 - Schematic representation of the corrosion-erosion process (after [16])

Figure 18 - Effect of pH on magnetite solubility between 25 and 150°C (from [16])

Figure 19 - Effect of pH and temperature on hematite and magnetite solubilities

Figure 20 - Effect of pH and temperature on cupric oxide and cuprous oxide solubility

Figure 21 - Effect of pH on the dissolution of copper contained in a copper alloy in oxidizing (&#43; 100 mV/ENH) and reducing (– 300 mV/ENH) environments (after [21])

Figure 22 - Example of a foliated passage with a high clogging rate