1. Definitions and characterizations

Intuitively, a mixture is characterized by the addition of different chemical species. For a mixture, each of the constituents of the mixture is taken in the pure body reference state, at the same temperature, pressure and physical state as the mixture. For volume, the volumes of the different species are added:

i designates component i in the mixture. This equation applies only to ideal solutions and only to extensive quantities that depend on the intensive characteristics of the mixture (pressure, temperature, etc.) and the number of moles of...