1. Cleanrooms in France

Cleanroom technology was born out of and boosted by military requirements in the 1950s. Many sectors of activity manufacturing products sensitive to particles, micro-organisms and/or chemicals are now obliged to equip themselves with cleanrooms. The main sectors concerned are: pharmaceuticals, healthcare establishments, medical device manufacturers, research centers, microelectronics, agri-food, optics, micromechanics, space... and even cosmetics.

Some use this technology to avoid manufacturing defective products which they are then unable to market, while others have to meet strict regulatory requirements to keep contamination under control, generally in the healthcare sector. Still others, depending on specific regulations, use this technology to contain the hazardous products they handle (biological or chemical contaminants).

The main...