1. Background and definitions
Fuels are products whose combustion in the presence of air enables the operation of thermal piston engines (gasoline or diesel) or continuous combustion engines (aircraft engines, gas turbines). The terms fuel and combustible should not be confused, the latter being reserved for products used to supply thermal energy in boilers, furnaces, power plants, etc.
This dossier is devoted exclusively to fuels. However, some products can be both fuels and combustibles. This is the case, for example, with domestic fuel oil (FOD), used both to heat homes and, until 2011, to power the diesel engines of farm tractors and off-road machinery (since replaced by a new fuel, non-road diesel GnR). This is also the case for heavy fuel oils, which are mainly used to supply thermal energy in industry, but also for traction in very large marine...
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Background and definitions
Different types of fuel
Bibliography
- (1) - ALANDER (T.J.A.), LESKINEN (A.P.), RAUNEMAA (T.M.), Rantanen (L.) - Characterization of diesel particles: Effects of fuel reformulation, exhaust aftertreatment, and engine operation on particle carbon composition and volatility. - Environmental Science & Technology 38 (9) : 2707-2714 (2004).
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Websites
Fuel compatibility of vehicles in service http://www.service-public.fr/actualités
European regulations http://ec.europa.eu/environnement/r/transport/fuel.htm
Events
SIA Fuel Congress http://www.sia.fr
THIESEL Congress organized by CMT every 2 years http://www.upv.es/noticias-upv/http://www.cmt.upv.es
Regulations
European Directive 98/70/EC (Fuel Quality Directive) on the quality of petrol and diesel fuels, revised on 1 er April 2009 (Directive 2009/30/EC).
European directive 70/220/EEC, regulation 715 2007 (euro 5) on motor vehicle emissions.
European Directive 2003/30/EC on the use of biofuels or other renewable fuels for transport....
Directory
Organizations – Federations – Associations (non-exhaustive list)
IFQC (International Fuel Quality Center) http://www.ifqc.org
IFP Énergies nouvelles http://www.ifpenergiesnouvelles.fr
SAE Society of Automotive Engineers...
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