3. Energy and environmental aspects
In all types of engine, the chemical energy of the fuel is transformed into mechanical energy through the process of rapid combustion, some of whose characteristics are described here.
3.1 Stoichiometric combustion equation. Definition of richness
When it comes to the overall combustion balance, the chemical structure of the fuel (number of carbon atoms in the carbon chain, nature of the bonds, branching) is not directly relevant. What matters is the overall composition, i.e. the mass content of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
Thus, quantitative elemental analysis of the fuel provides an overall formula (CH y O z S t...
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Bibliography
- (1) - ALANDER (T.J.A.), LESKINEN (A.P.), RAUNEMAA (T.M.), Rantanen (L.) - Characterization of diesel particles: Effects of fuel reformulation, exhaust aftertreatment, and engine operation on particle carbon composition and volatility. - Environmental Science & Technology 38 (9) : 2707-2714 (2004).
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Websites
Fuel compatibility of vehicles in service http://www.service-public.fr/actualités
European regulations http://ec.europa.eu/environnement/r/transport/fuel.htm
Events
SIA Fuel Congress http://www.sia.fr
THIESEL Congress organized by CMT every 2 years http://www.upv.es/noticias-upv/http://www.cmt.upv.es
Regulations
European Directive 98/70/EC (Fuel Quality Directive) on the quality of petrol and diesel fuels, revised on 1 er April 2009 (Directive 2009/30/EC).
European directive 70/220/EEC, regulation 715 2007 (euro 5) on motor vehicle emissions.
European Directive 2003/30/EC on the use of biofuels or other renewable fuels for transport....
Directory
Organizations – Federations – Associations (non-exhaustive list)
IFQC (International Fuel Quality Center) http://www.ifqc.org
IFP Énergies nouvelles http://www.ifpenergiesnouvelles.fr
SAE Society of Automotive Engineers...
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