3. Particularities of the mechanical behavior of cold-formed elements

3.1 Effects of cold forming

Cold forming takes advantage of one of steel's most important properties: ductility. This allows the material to undergo significant plastic deformation during the manufacturing process, and then to maintain permanent deformation once the process is complete, without significantly altering the material's internal structure.

The relationship between stress σ and strain ε of a component subjected to tension is shown in figure 10 , where the following phases can be distinguished.