Anatomy, physiology and pathophysiology of the musculoskeletal system

Man moves, stands still and maintains a posture to be precise in his gestures, thanks to the locomotor system. This system is activated and coordinated by the nervous system, and nourished by cardio-circulatory adaptations that increase the supply of nutrients to the muscles and eliminate waste products. In addition to these short-term actions and adaptations, there are medium-term biochemical and endocrine regulations and a medium- to long-term training effect. Human physical activity therefore depends on a complex anatomical system and physiological adaptations that are constantly evolving as a result of our internal state (training, health, age, gender...) and the environment in which we evolve (difficulty and duration of tasks, physical or psychological environment...).