5. Different repair methods

In some of the above cases, we have already mentioned various refurbishments adapted to certain pathologies.

Some other methods are described below. But, while some are more general than others, there is obviously no systematic method of reinforcement, and the method will obviously have to be adapted to the specific case, without being able to avoid, in some cases, demolition and complete or partial reconstruction of the failing structure.

• The structure is unstable due to excessive thrust, but the movement is small.

  If the selected soil consists of sand and gravel, vertical injections from the backfill and/or horizontal injections through the screen of a cement grout can be used to "stiffen" the soil and considerably reduce thrust (figure