Overview
ABSTRACT
This article delves into the behavior of materials, providing insight into key concepts such as Hooke's law and strain hardening. It begins with an exploration of the modulus of elasticity and Poisson's coefficient, establishing the foundational principles of materials' responses to stress. It further covers the conventions and normalization of stresses, distinguishing between normal force, shear force, and torsional moments. Lastly, the article discusses the concept of hardening, emphasizing its role in the material's plastic region beyond the yield strength. The reader will gain comprehensive knowledge about the way materials react under different mechanical stresses and how their characteristics change due to strain hardening.
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Thibault FOURCADE: Engineer
INTRODUCTION
When subjected to various forces, whether normal, cutting, torsional or bending, materials undergo deformation. When considering a specific structural section, we use the term "stress" to designate the resultant of these forces concentrated at the section's center of gravity. When these forces are related to the unit area, they are called "stresses".
The linear elastic behavior of solids under tensile stress is defined by Hooke's law. The hardness of a metal can be increased through work-hardening, which enables hardening following plastic elongation.
Materials can be homogeneous or isotropic. Longitudinal and transverse behavior in relation to the applied force is characterized by Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio, respectively.
A classic example of the application of these fundamental concepts is the calculation of stresses on an embedded beam when subjected to an oblique force.
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KEYWORDS
mechanics | materials | Behavior
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Material behavior
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Bibliography
Standards and norms
- Plastics – Determining tensile properties – Part 2: Test conditions: specifies methods for determining the tensile properties of plastics under various conditions. - NF EN ISO 527-2 - Avril 2012
- Metallic materials – Room temperature tensile test: specifies the method for performing a tensile test on metallic materials to determine tensile strength properties. - NF EN ISO 6892-1 - Décembre 2019
- Plastics...
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