Mass flow – Fundamental laws
Designing water systems and installations - Fluid mechanics approach

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Mass flow – Fundamental laws


Designing water systems and installations - Fluid mechanics approach

Author : Éditions Techniques de l'Ingénieur

Publication date: September 10, 2016 | Lire en français

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1. Mass flow – Fundamental laws

The fundamental laws of fluid mechanics define the principles for calculating velocities and head losses in the case of liquid flows, depending on whether they are considered :

  • perfect liquids ;

  • or natural liquids.

1.1 Expression of speed (Torricelli's law)

In the case of free flow through a thin-walled orifice, Torricelli's law expresses that the velocity of the liquid is equal to that of a body falling in a vacuum, without initial velocity, from the free surface, i.e. :

U=2gh
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