Wheel-rail contact

Rail traction - Force-controlled grip

Figure 1 - Rail head and wheel bearing table profiles

Figure 2 - Hertz contact ellipse of two static cylinders

Figure 4 - Bogie-body link configurations

Figure 5 - Tractive or braking force, rail reaction and vertical force

Figure 6 - Absolute friction-slip characteristics according to different authors

Figure 7 - Absolute value of rail grip as a function of the absolute value of relative slip

Figure 8 - Maximum solvent adhesion for a high-speed train as a function of speed and rail condition

Figure 9 - Contact area and sliding and traction grip zones

Figure 10 - Simplified electrotechnical diagram for controlling a compound DC motor (with two inductors) in traction and braking.

Figure 11 - Simplified electrotechnical control diagram for synchronous and asynchronous AC motors for traction and braking.

Figure 12 - General diagram of electric and pneumatic brake control principles

Figure 13 - Detection of loss of grip and estimation of vehicle speed during braking

Figure 14 - Allocation of different braking speeds with loss of total grip on a bogie

Figure 15 - Correction of the torque setpoint by imposed slip clutch retainers

Figure 16 - Principle of the slip control device

Figure 17 - Grip regeneration time diagrams

Figure 18 - Rampability curves for a prime mover

Figure 19 - VAL&#34; automatic metro drive axle