Assessment and measurement of voltage fluctuations and their effects

Voltage fluctuations and flicker — Assessment and mitigation (part 1)

Figure 1 - Eye sensitivity as a function of frequency

Figure 2 - Flicker perception level

Figure 4 - Weighted envelope of fluctuations: amplitude of S during the observation period

Figure 5 - Weighted envelope of fluctuations: cumulative probability density of the presence of S in classes 1 to

Figure 6 - Rapid voltage change: characteristic shape

Figure 7 - Selectivity correctors Rf for periodic modulations

Figure 8 - Flicker perception characteristic

Figure 9 - Flicker perception characteristics Pst &#61; 1. Comparison using various approaches

Figure 10 - Perceptibility of flicker according to the numerical representation given by the relationships  and

Figure 11 - Form factors for periodic voltage change characteristics

Figure 12 - Perceptibility of flicker: crenelated, sinusoidal and triangular representations

Figure 13 - Example of Pst measurement over one week

Figure 14 - Foisonnement of deviations and partial compensation

Figure 15 - Voltage u [2 components, relationship ]

Figure 16 - Voltage u 2 [relation ]

Figure 17 - Spectra of u and u 2. Interharmonic 0.30% at 42 Hz

Figure 18 - Spectra of u and u 2. Interharmonic 7.75% at 4 Hz

Figure 19 - Voltage spectra u and u 2 [relations  and ]. 0.30% amplitude modulation

Figure 20 - Kapp diagram

Figure 21 - Power transits on a high-voltage node

Figure 22 - Reference impedance and power handling: example

Figure 23 - 32 Mvar statocompensator at 30 kV