Electrochemistry: a Modern Science at the Heart of Society's Needs

Electrochemistry is a constantly evolving discipline, which for over a century and a half has played an essential role in the materials processing industries, providing unique processes that are indispensable to today's modern world.

Unlike chemical processes, an electrochemical process uses electric current to transform matter. This concept is characterized by the term "electrolysis", which means "decomposition by electricity". Transformation takes place in a cell containing an ionically conductive electrolyte, in which the substance to be transformed is contained. Two electrodes, in contact with the electrolyte, ensure the passage of the electric current.

The absence of chemical reagents (other than electrolyte) offers obvious industrial advantages: simplified logistics, reduced risks associated with transporting and storing chemicals, and optimized costs due to the direct use of electrical energy. However, the technologies and design of electrochemical cells are often more complex than those of chemical reactors, which can result in higher investment costs and sometimes challenges in continuous operation.

Forced" electrolysis, which uses an external supply of electrical current to generate chemical reactions, contrasts with the spontaneous electrochemical reactions that can occur in certain cell configurations. The latter, by naturally releasing electrical energy, function as sources of current and voltage. We know them by the terms "batteries" and "accumulators", although today we more frequently use the expressions "electrochemical generators" or "batteries". These are divided into primary (non-rechargeable) and secondary (rechargeable) batteries, which play an increasingly strategic role in modern technologies, notably in the renewable energy, portable electronics and electric vehicle sectors.

Today, electrochemistry is a fundamental pillar of industrial innovation, with ever-increasing potential for sustainable and efficient applications in the energy, biomedical and environmental sectors.