3. Performance
3.1 Losses
Losses in guide structures and transmission lines can be classified into four types:
dielectric losses ;
losses in the conductor ;
losses due to conductor surface roughness ;
radiation losses.
The first two have dissipative effects and result from imperfections in the conductors and dielectrics that make up the guides in general. These types of losses were discussed in detail in the article
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Performance
Areas of application. Outlook
Bibliography
Software tools
It would take a long time to compile a list of electromagnetic calculation software that could be useful for characterizing guides, discontinuities or systems. For some time now, however, a website has been available (although its continuity cannot be guaranteed) which provides a fairly comprehensive list of the main commercial and laboratory software packages:
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