1. Technology
1.1 Substrates
The performance of microstrip circuits is highly dependent on the quality of the dielectric (or even semiconductor) substrates used in their manufacture. Indeed, the material chosen will be decisive in achieving low losses and high propagation constant stability, which are essential conditions for ensuring the proper operation of a microwave circuit, even under severe operating conditions (temperature, humidity, vibration).
Various materials have been developed, with relative permittivities ranging from 2 to 12 for the most common
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Bibliography
Software tools
It would take a long time to compile a list of electromagnetic calculation software that could be useful for characterizing guides, discontinuities or systems. For some time now, however, a website has been available (although its continuity cannot be guaranteed) which provides a fairly comprehensive list of the main commercial and laboratory software packages:
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