2. Internal noise sources
2.1 Thermal noise
2.1.1 Calculating noise in a conductor rod
Thermal noise is generated by the agitation of electrified particles or "carriers", and was observed by Johnson in 1927.
It is assumed that the carriers in the conductor bar are in thermal equilibrium and are transported from one electrode to the other, undergoing numerous collisions. A random source of current develops at its terminals, such as :
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Internal noise sources
Noise in linear circuits
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