Tropospheric propagation

Propagation of the radioelectric waves of terrestrial networks

Figure 1 - Schematic representation of Fresnel zones

Figure 2 - Linear attenuation (dB/km) due to atmospheric gases (O2 and H2O)

Figure 3 - Linear attenuation (dB/km) due to rain as a function of frequency for different precipitation rates (ITU-R P. 838)

Figure 4 - Schematic representation of specular and diffuse reflection

Figure 6 - Step difference created by a surface irregularity of height H

Figure 7 - Two-spoke model

Figure 8 - Diagram showing the masking of the reflected beam by an obstacle

Figure 9 - Diagram showing the reflected path on an island in order to limit the effect of the reflected path on a sea link.

Figure 10 - Geometry associated with the definition of Descartes&#039; law

Figure 11 - Radio wave trajectory as a function of the co-index gradient

Figure 12 - Schematic representation of a diffractive sharp edge

Figure 13 - Attenuation due to diffraction by an edge

Figure 14 - Propagation of an electromagnetic wave by tropospheric scattering

Figure 15 - Example of radio field variation due to tropospheric scattering

Figure 16 - Example of radio field variation due to reflection from atmospheric layers

Figure 17 - Example of radio field variation due to the presence of conduit

Figure 20 - Schematic representation of the transmitter-receiver profile

Figure 21 - Definition of the angle between the street axis and the direction of the angle of incidence

Figure 22 - Example of a transmitter-receiver profile

Figure 23 - Example of coverage in an urban environment

Figure 24 - Example of a residential environment

Figure 25 - Example of radio coverage in a residential environment

Figure 26 - Schematic representation of the time evolution of the propagation channel impulse response

Figure 27 - Schematic representation of a 12-path GSM TU channel

Figure 30 - Power profile according to the Saleh and Valenzuela formalism