1. Tunable amplifier media
By definition, a tunable amplifying medium has a certain spectral gain width as a function of frequency. Optical oscillators use two types of amplifying media: either laser media or non-linear media. As the physical principles are very different, they will be studied in two sub-sections.
1.1 Amplifier media using stimulated emission
The elements whose energy levels are considered can be independent atoms (in the case of gases such as neon), molecules in gaseous form or dissolved in a solvent (in the case of dyes), ions trapped in crystalline or glassy matrices or, finally, electron-hole pairs in semiconductors.
If the levels are multiple and well separated in energy, the emission spectrum will be a line spectrum. The laser's tunability...
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Tunable amplifier media
Principles of oscillator tunability
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