1. Wi-Fi and Wi-Fi HaLow protocols

The Wi-Fi protocol (IEEE 802.11) is a wireless communication technology mainly used in local area networks. It defines the two media access layers and is fully integrated into the TCP/IP (Transport Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) protocol stack. The MAC (Media Access Control) layer handles media access, network association, frame encapsulation and power management. The physical layer converts the binary data stream into a waveform suitable for the transmission channel.

The initial version of the Wi-Fi protocol was completed in 1997. Since then, the standard has evolved through amendments, with the creation of working groups that have completed or modified the standard.