1. Facial recognition in China
1.1 Development of facial recognition in China
China is one of the countries that has deployed facial recognition on a large scale. The first use of cameras equipped with facial recognition dates back to the 2008 Beijing Olympics. This event was a major milestone in the development and legitimization of these systems.
In the following years, facial recognition gradually became widespread in public spaces and in various services, in connection with the "social credit" project.
In 2013, when Xi Jinping came to power, China had around 100 million surveillance cameras. By 2025, this figure is estimated to exceed 700 million, reflecting the expansion of mass surveillance
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Facial recognition in China
Facial recognition in the United States and France
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Bibliography
Regulations
Executive Order 14110 on Safe, Secure, and Trustworthy Development and Use of Artificial Intelligence, October 30, 2023
Initial Rescissions of Harmful Executive Orders and Actions, January 20, 2025
California Privacy Rights Act (CPRA), November 3, 2020
Directive (EU) 2016/680 of the European Parliament and of the Council of April 27, 2016 on the protection...
Directory
CSIS (Center for Strategic and International Studies, USA)
Think tank specializing in security and public policy.
CNIL (French Data Protection Authority)
Independent administrative...
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