2. Facial recognition in the United States and France

2.1 Facial recognition in the United States

Facial recognition in the United States is part of a long process of technological development and government experimentation, dating back to the 1990s with programs such as FERET, supported by the Department of Defense and the FBI. Initially designed for identifying suspects and searching for missing persons, this technology quickly expanded to commercial and public surveillance applications, thanks to advances in AI and machine learning. American technology companies such as IBM, Microsoft, and Clearview AI have also played a major role in the development and dissemination of facial recognition, offering solutions to law enforcement agencies and private actors (table 2 )....