4. Glossary
Anti-identity theft; anti-spoofing
Protection techniques aimed at preventing identity theft in biometric systems, particularly facial recognition.
Algorithmic bias
Distortion or systematic error in the functioning of a facial recognition algorithm, which can lead to discriminatory results, particularly based on the race or gender of the individuals identified. These biases can affect the reliability and fairness of identifications.
Social credit
A system implemented in China that assesses the reliability and behavior of citizens and businesses using data, including biometric and facial recognition data. Social credit is associated with a set of rules and penalties or rewards based on the observed behavior of individuals and organizations.
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Glossary
Acronyms, notations, and symbols
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Bibliography
Regulations
Executive Order 14110 on Safe, Secure, and Trustworthy Development and Use of Artificial Intelligence, October 30, 2023
Initial Rescissions of Harmful Executive Orders and Actions, January 20, 2025
California Privacy Rights Act (CPRA), November 3, 2020
Directive (EU) 2016/680 of the European Parliament and of the Council of April 27, 2016 on the protection...
Directory
CSIS (Center for Strategic and International Studies, USA)
Think tank specializing in security and public policy.
CNIL (French Data Protection Authority)
Independent administrative...
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