4. Glossary

Anti-identity theft; anti-spoofing

Protection techniques aimed at preventing identity theft in biometric systems, particularly facial recognition.

Algorithmic bias

Distortion or systematic error in the functioning of a facial recognition algorithm, which can lead to discriminatory results, particularly based on the race or gender of the individuals identified. These biases can affect the reliability and fairness of identifications.

Social credit

A system implemented in China that assesses the reliability and behavior of citizens and businesses using data, including biometric and facial recognition data. Social credit is associated with a set of rules and penalties or rewards based on the observed behavior of individuals and organizations.

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