2. Practical technological solutions to foam problems

A number of general technological solutions have been proposed to control foam formation.

Reducing the number of "cascade" operations in continuous manufacturing processes, and sealing leaks in glands, pumps, fittings and seals are typical and easy ways of reducing the risk of foam formation. Reducing gas velocities and incorporating expansion vessels can also have an effect before resorting to the possible use of antifoams.

These interventions can be useful in simple cases, the origin of which can be attributed to operational drifts or incidents.

For more complicated cases, three methods are proposed.