2. Formulation
Toothpaste comes in several forms: paste, gel, paste-gel combination, liquid or powder. Only the first two forms, which are the most commonly used, are detailed here.
2.1 Paste
Figure 11 summarizes the various phases of a paste formulation. Generally speaking, a toothpaste in paste form is a suspension, i.e. a dispersion of fine solid particles in a liquid in which they are insoluble. This mixture is therefore a heterogeneous system consisting of a continuous outer liquid phase, called the dispersing phase, and an inner phase of fine solid particles, called the dispersed phase. The addition of a stabilizer (e.g. a gelling agent) stabilizes the medium over time
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Formulation
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