Use of ash in binders and cements

Usage of industrial sub-products - flyash

Figure 1 - Fly ash particle size distribution (Credit Predis)

Figure 2 - Map of power plant locations and ash stocks – Situation in 2008 (Crédit Surschiste)

Figure 3 - View of ash storage – Blénod power plant site (Lorraine) (Crédit EDF)

Figure 4 - Ash production sites in Nord-Pas-de-Calais (Crédit Predis)

Figure 5 - Use of ash – Breakdown by construction sector (Crédit Surschiste)

Figure 6 - Definition of pavement structure layers (Crédit GTR)

Figure 7 - Embankment – Flood-prone area

Figure 8 - Illustration of an earthmoving application (Crédit Predis Nord-Pas-de-Calais)

Figure 9 - Fly ash backfill with topsoil veneer to protect the sides (Credit Predis)

Figure 10 - Range of variation of Proctor normal compaction curves

Figure 11 - Range of variation of IPI immediate lift curves

Figure 12 - Vibratory compaction – Feuilletage to be avoided (Crédit Sotraga/GTM Terrassement)

Figure 13 - Recommended tire compaction – Checking compactness with a gammadensimeter (Credit Sotraga/GTM Terrassement)

Figure 14 - Plant treatment – RN 33 construction site (Crédit Weiler)

Figure 15 - In-situ treatment with a pulimixer – Port of Le Havre rail beam doubling worksite (Crédit Sotraga/GTM Terrassement)

Figure 16 - CVCG fly ash roadbase (Credit Predis)

Figure 17 - Gravelling with GCV fly ash (Credit Predis)

Figure 18 - Ranges of use for different road mixes (Crédit Predis)

Figure 19 - Mechanical classes of materials according to torque values Rt and E

Figure 20 - Mix production plant (Crédit Weiler/GTM Terrassement)

Figure 21 - Civil engineering site (Crédit Predis)

Figure 22 - Radiant ettringite needles resulting from attack on concrete, either by seawater or by a sulfate-rich environment (Crédit LCPC).

Figure 23 - Backfilling trenches (Crédit Predis)

Figure 24 - Road widening (Crédit Predis)

Figure 25 - Le Havre rail services site – Binder treatment (Crédit Sotraga/GTM Terrassement)

Figure 26 - Le Havre rail services site (Crédit Sotraga/GTM Terrassement)

Figure 27 - Liocourt binder treatment plant (Crédit Weiler)

Figure 28 - RN 33 Creutzwald construction site (Crédit Weiler)