5. From phenomena to their integration in the justification of structures
Volume waves tend to straighten out (rais theory) as they pass through layers of increasingly weaker mechanical characteristics: compressional P-waves cause vertical vibrations, while shear S-waves cause horizontal vibrations. S waves have greater amplitudes than P waves.
For these reasons, an earthquake is generally felt as an initial vertical vibration, followed a few seconds later by a horizontal movement of greater amplitude (figure 40 ).
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