4. Evaluating seismic site effects: competition between amplification and de-amplification

We have already seen that soil behavior during cyclic loading depends on the level of distortion or deformation to which it is subjected.

The characterization of soil behavior through geotechnical investigations was then addressed.

In practice, three main types of soil representation (Figure 24 ) are used depending on the level of distortion γ to which the soils are subjected, and three main types of analysis methods are respectively implemented to model soil behavior.