5. From phenomena to their integration in the justification of structures
Volume waves tend to straighten out (rais theory) as they pass through layers of increasingly weaker mechanical characteristics: compressional P-waves cause vertical vibrations, while shear S-waves cause horizontal vibrations. S waves have greater amplitudes than P waves.
For these reasons, an earthquake is generally felt as an initial vertical vibration, followed a few seconds later by a horizontal movement of greater amplitude (figure 40 ).
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From phenomena to their integration in the justification of structures
Modification of the site effect
Bibliography
Software tools
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Cyberquake – This software models the response of soils to seismic shocks.
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Code-Aster – This is a free software package for numerical simulation of structural mechanics.
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Standards and norms
- Calcul des structures pour leur résistance au séisme. Partie 5 : Fondations, ouvrages de soutènements et aspects géotechnique. - NF EN 1998-5 AFNOR - septembre 2005
Regulations
Decree no. 2010-1254 of October 22, 2010 on seismic risk prevention.
Décret n° 2010-1255 du 22 octobre 2010 portant délimitation des zones de sismicité du territoire français.
Arrêté du 22 octobre 2010 relative à la classification et aux règles de constructions parasismiques applicables aux bâtiments de la classe dite "à risque normal" (Order of October 22, 2010 on the classification...
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