1. Little or no use of materials
Magnet stone, a variety of Fe 3 O 4 magnetite, is a natural magnet known since ancient times. Since the end of the 19th century, several categories of metallic materials for permanent magnets have been used. Some have been completely abandoned, others may still be used in very small proportions. But all are part of the history of permanent magnets. Let's take a quick look at these permanent magnet materials (tables 1 and 2 ).
For basic information on materials with hard magnetic properties, please refer to
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Little or no use of materials
Materials of the future: rare-earth alloys
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"Studies and properties of metals"
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Economic data
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Global market
In 1998, the global market for all magnetic materials was estimated at around 30 × 10 9 euros. One-sixth of this market is specific to permanent magnets; it is currently growing at a rate of 10% per year.
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