3. Production and consumption
Of the 10,617,000 tonnes of lead produced worldwide in 2012, 43% came from ore ("primary lead") and 57% from recycling ("secondary lead").
78% of this production was destined for the lead-acid battery market, in the form of alloys for grids or oxides for active materials (48% for starter batteries and 30% for stationary batteries).
The remainder of production was divided between sheaths for buried or submarine cables, construction, nuclear power, the chemical industry and munitions (source: ILZSG).
The alloys used in these different applications are discussed in
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Production and consumption
Commercial metal characteristics
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