1. Direct merger or BSF

The traditional technique based on the combination of agglomerating roasting and melting-reduction in a shaft furnace is being replaced in new foundries by direct melting techniques on a molten bath (Bath Smelting Furnace: BSF), which have given rise to various processes such as :

• Isasmelt ;

• Ausmelt;

• Kivcet ;

• QSL (Queneau-Schuhmann-Lurgi);

• TBRC (Top Blow Rotary Converter).

These processes produce a raw lead (bullion) that is refined using conventional methods