4. How to detect toxic kidney damage
Markers of renal toxicity are :
increase in serum creatinine;
glomerular damage, characterized by the presence of high molecular weight proteins (greater than 68,000 daltons) in the urine; albumin is a marker of high molecular weight proteinuria (albuminuria);
Severe glomerular disease, characterized by the presence of red blood cells in the urine; blood in the urine (hematuria) is a marker of severe disease;
proximal tubal damage is characterized by the presence of low-molecular-weight proteins (less than 68,000 daltons) in the urine; retino transport protein (RBP) is a marker of low-molecular-weight proteinuria;
distal tubular disease, characterized by excessive uromodulin (Tamm Horsfall protein) in the...
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How to detect toxic kidney damage
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