4. Photosensitization
This is a skin pathological mechanism following UV exposure, due to photochemical modifications, by UV rays, of substances absorbed locally in the skin or reaching the skin surface via circulating blood. These modified substances become allergens by combining with blood proteins.
Photosensitization leads to allergic type IV skin reactions, with erythema, edema, thickening of the epidermis and hyperpigmentation.
In appearance, these skin reactions may be mistaken for sunburn. The diagnosis can only be made by questioning the victim.
Here's an example of some substances known to be photoallergenic: sulfonamides, phenothiazines, tribromosalicyclanilide (depigmentation).
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Bibliography
A. Lombard et al. – Techno-economic evaluation of products in the early stages of development. Part 2, pp. 153-281. ISTE Éditions, Ltd London (2024).
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The OECD provides guidelines for the testing of chemicals, including a set of the most relevant internationally-agreed test methods used by governments, industry and independent laboratories to determine the safety of chemicals and preparations, including pesticides and industrial chemicals. They cover tests on the physico-chemical properties of substances,...
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