2. How do you translate scientific intelligence into English?

The term "veille" is not translatable as such in English...

For "bibliographic watch", we can use literature awareness (notion of updating by alerts), or patents profiles or patent watching...

There's also regulatory watch or legal watch.

In pharmacovigilance, we also sometimes find postmarketing surveillance , or literature monitoring or literature surveillance .

Health monitoring for "health or epidemiological monitoring" by public health authorities, for example. Note that health monitoring sometimes refers to medical monitoring devices (hospitalization).

We also use "science watch" in the sense of looking for innovation, weak signals, etc., and "technological watch" (with variations such as technology watch or tech watch).

Business intelligence...