6. Forecasting costs

The procedures outlined above generate different types of costs.

• Initially, technical study fees are incurred to draft the patent. This drafting phase must be carried out with care, as the content of the patent can scarcely be modified after filing. A broadening of the scope is in any case prohibited. For this reason, it is strongly recommended to consult an intellectual property attorney for the drafting of the patent. Patent drafting fees are typically in the order of several thousand euros, depending on the technical field and the complexity of the invention.

• Each filing entails administrative fees for preparing the file documents and paying official fees, as well as translation costs for foreign filings.

• Some countries charge a publication fee. Many countries require...