10. Final residue treatment processes

The final residues from industrial waste thermal treatment processes are essentially solid mineral products or toxic residual sludges, which need to be stabilized against natural leaching processes, which would otherwise release the pollutants contained in these residues (chlorides, heavy metals, etc.) into the natural environment.

A residue is considered stabilized, in the regulatory sense, when its permeability and leachable fraction have been reduced and its mechanical strength has been improved. Stabilized residue is verified by applying standardized leaching protocols. Finally, stabilized residues are disposed of in landfill sites (Class I and II landfills).

Residues from the incineration of industrial waste, referred to as REFIDI, include :

• fly ash (boiler ash, filter ash) ;

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