1. Theory
The sound spectrum is generally divided into four intervals defined according to the frequency of the emitted wave:
infrasound with a frequency between 0 and 16 Hz;
audible sounds with frequencies between 16 Hz and 16 kHz;
ultrasound with a frequency between 16 kHz and 1 GHz;
hypersonics with a frequency greater than 1 GHz.
Ultrasound waves are elastic waves that, when propagating in an elastic medium, possess all the general properties of periodic progressive waves, such as propagation, attenuation, and reflection (Figure 1 ).
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Theory
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