Conclusion

Electric railway traction - Applications of linear motors

Figure 1 - Zehden&#039;s 1902 patent on rails (doc. YMT)

Figure 2 - Perry and Tomlinson patent of 1895 (doc. YMT)

Figure 3 - Westinghouse linear launch thruster (doc. YMT)

Figure 4 - Land-guided hovercraft with linear motor at bottom, from the 1960s (doc. Hovercraft)

Figure 5 - Wheeled carriage carrying prototypes of aerotrain linear motors at Gometz in 1972 (YMT photo)

Figure 6 - LIMRV from Garrett to Pueblo (USA) reaching 410 km/h on rails in 1973 (YMT photo)

Figure 7 - Original LIMRV linear motor before assembly (USIS doc. – DOT)

Figure 8 - End view of the Rohr 5-winding hovercraft variant (doc. Rohr)

Figure 9 - Typical LIMRV characteristics: thrust, current, efficiency and power factor (YMT doc.)

Figure 10 - Comparative diagram of LIMRV motor and linear rail brake principles (B/W photo, YMT doc.)

Figure 11 - Z7001 (&#34;Zébulon&#34;): France&#039;s first high-speed electric railcar

Figure 12 - Prototype bogies with rotary motors and linear brakes, for TGV and ICE3 locomotives (YMT photo)

Figure 13 - Normal braking curves for an ICE3 with linear brakes (doc. YMT)

Figure 14 - Cross-section of the Linear Express and its track (doc. CJRC)

Figure 15 - Japanese Linear Express 3-box train at Ogatayama bridge between tunnels with 4% gradients on the 18 km Chuo line (Yamagashi) (doc. CJRC)

Figure 18 - Linear Express articulated motor bogie

Figure 16 - Schematic cross-section of a latest-generation Transrapid (08 and Shanghai) (doc. YMT)

Figure 17 - German-Chinese Transrapid model TR08 from 2002 at the Shanghai Pudong depot workshop (doc. Transrapid)

Figure 20 - Power supply and substation diagrams for Transrapid and Linear Express (synchronous or asynchronous induction) (doc. YMT)

Figure 21 - Comparative resistance curves for various high-speed trains, with linear or rotary motorization, depending on the number of bodies in the train or convoy (YMT doc.)

Figure 22 - Metropolitan applications: Scarborough line (in Toronto) in 1985 with demonstration of resistance to snow and cold (doc. YMT, TRC)

Figure 23 - 1995 Japanese circuit with LM2 prototype (doc. YMT)

Figure 24 - LM2 100 kW motor with flat armature between rails (doc. JRE)

Figure 25 - 3000 trains of the Fukuoka municipal subway (2005) with 4 motors and overhead power at 1,500 V on the Nanakuma line (photo T. Seki)

Figure 26 - Fukuoka&#34; train diagram (RFC doc.)

Figure 27 - 2.5 m asynchronous linear motors (inductors) for &#34;Fukuoka&#34; trains (photo: T. Seki)

Figure 28 - Bogie for Fukuoka 3000 trainsets with air suspension and air gap adjustment for inductors (photo T. Seki)

Figure 29 - Rails from the Aïchi exhibition (2005) with Transrapid-type motorization and 12 Maglev motors or supports per body (doc. RFC)

Figure 30 - Vancouver&#039;s first ART1 linear subway (Canada)

Figure 31 - Skytrain for Vancouver&#039;s mainly aerial regional network (very quiet) (ART2 trainset)

Figure 32 - Map of Vancouver&#039;s rail lines, including those with linear motors (Skytrain: 3 out of 5 lines)

Figure 33 - Track-mounted carriage and hydraulic wind tunnel channel for scaled-down testing at CEAT in Toulouse, France

Figure 34 - Double viaduct of the Transrapid and its power train on the Chinese link from Pudong metro station to Shanghai airport (30 km at 430 km/h), commissioned in 2006.