4. Taking into account the sampling effect

It is rare to have all the values that a random phenomenon can produce. In the case of a throw of the dice, we can easily conceptualize the idea that it is possible to reproduce the experiment an infinite number of times to obtain the law of the phenomenon. With the exception of destructive testing, the same applies to measurements. However, it is only possible to produce a limited number of observations, i.e. a sample that is never a strict representation of the "parent" population, i.e., in our example, the results of an infinite number of throws of a die.