Voltammetry

Solid electrode voltammetry is not limited to simply measuring the redox activity of species in solution. It also allows the study of complex processes, in particular coupled chemical processes (such as acid-base equilibria, complexation, precipitation, etc.) and chemical reactions resulting from electron transfer (rearrangements, decompositions, couplings, etc.). This provides a better understanding of complex reaction mechanisms, transient or unstable species, and interactions between chemical species (e.g., electrochemical catalysis, receptors, inhibitors).

Thus, thanks to the shape of the voltammograms (peak, wave, plateau, hysteresis, etc.) and their changes under the effect of coupled chemical processes, it is possible to determine the rates of coupled chemical reactions (rate constants) and to detect and quantify the formation of complexes or precipitates, or the protonation/deprotonation of redox species.

Solid-state voltammetry is therefore a powerful tool for analyzing chemical phenomena associated with electron transfers, whether prior, subsequent, or coupled. It offers direct and sensitive access to the dynamics of complex reactions. However, its rigorous interpretation requires a good understanding of electrochemical mechanisms, precise control of experimental conditions, and, often, the use of theoretical models or simulations.

The aim of this article is to show how solid electrode voltammetry goes beyond simply measuring redox species in solution, offering a tool for analyzing complex reaction mechanisms and coupled chemical processes. The angle taken is that of a detailed understanding of reaction dynamics (acid-base equilibria, complexation, precipitation, reactions following electron transfer) and their translation into voltammograms. This approach is part of a technical and economic context in which mastery of electrochemical processes has become crucial, whether for the development of selective and reliable sensors, the optimization of industrial processes (energy storage and conversion, corrosion, catalysis), or for innovation in materials chemistry and health. By linking theoretical advances and applied needs, the article highlights the added value of voltammetry as both a scientific and technological tool.