9. Conclusions and outlook

The potential of these solid-phase extraction methods lies mainly in the wide variety of stationary phases available, and the different formats of the various devices, which enable these techniques to be adapted to samples of varying nature and size.

These devices are becoming increasingly miniaturized (SPE phases integrated into pipette cones, SPME fibers, SPDE needles, etc.), making it easier to take samples in small quantities, and enabling them to be used in the field.

These developments go hand in hand with those currently taking place more generally in the field of analysis, namely the development of fluidic microsystems in which all stages of analysis are integrated, from sample injection to the detection of targeted compounds. These developments cannot be achieved without an increase in selectivity, as miniaturization often implies...