2. Coupling mode
This extraction step can be totally dissociated from the chromatographic analysis (off-line preconcentration) or totally integrated into the chromatographic system (on-line preconcentration).
2.1 Delayed extraction
In the off-line method, the adsorbent is contained in a cartridge between two frits, or incorporated into the matrix of a filtration membrane. After conditioning the adsorbent (often with a solvent equivalent to the elution solvent, followed by a passage of pure water), the sample is percolated (figure 1 ). Certain substances retained...
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Coupling mode
Extraction yields and quantitative analysis
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