2. Instrumentation

2.1 Component organization

Devices can be classified into two categories:

• single-beam devices, which are further subdivided into devices with direct optical mounting or inverted optical mounting;

• dual-beam devices with direct optical mounting.

The choice of device will depend on the problems to be solved: it can be said that dual-beam devices are the most effective in terms of various analysis possibilities and metrological characteristics; they are generally...