16. Altitude measurements
16.1 Direct and indirect measures
In meteorology, altitude measurements concern atmospheric parameters between the ground and an altitude of approximately 30 km. The main parameters are temperature, humidity, pressure, and horizontal wind.
The atmospheric layer between 0 and 3,000 m is called the "lower atmosphere." Numerical weather prediction models mainly model the atmosphere between 0 and 20 km altitude.
High-altitude observations are essential for the correct initialization of these models. In the past, the only measurements used were direct, in situ measurements: weather balloons, spot measurements by aircraft.
Currently, a large proportion of measurements...
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Altitude measurements
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